The main activators of a bacterial meningitis is Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. All over the world they cause 75-80 % of cases of this disease, though a parity between these three activators in the different countries variously.
The meningitis caused Haemophilus influenzae, meets almost exclusively at children till 6 years. More than 90 % of Haemophilus influenzae's stock concern to type B; all of them encapsulated. To a meningitis precedes carrier state of microorganisms in a nasopharynx with their subsequent penetration into a blood-groove.
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) usually causes a meningitis in children and young men. Epidemics usually caused by microorganisms are possible in serogroups A and B, less often in others serogroups. Neisseria meningitis of serogroup B cause the majority of sporadic cases of a meningococcal meningitis. About 50 % of cases of a meningitis in the USA are caused by activators of this serogroup. Recently frequency of the infections caused Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B increases in Northern America, - first of all stocks which concern to clone ЕТ-15. These stocks cause flashes of disease with high fatality rate is more often. Stocks of serogroup Y cause a pneumonia. About 20 % of bacterial meningitises in the USA - meningococcal. One of the reasons of disease can be carrier state Neisseria meningitidis in a nasopharynx. The contributing factor - insufficiency of components of complement С5, С6, С7, С8 and, probably, С9 (membrane attack complex); thus the risk of the infections caused Neisseria spp., increases in 8000 times, however fatality rate decreases.
Activators of a bacterial meningitis at people 30 years are more senior more often happens Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). In the age of 60 years a pneumococcus meningitis are more senior meets much more often, than at children. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes about 15 % of cases of a bacterial meningitis in the USA. At extramural contamination (from 1962 to 1988) has shown the analysis of 262 cases of a meningitis, that the most frequent activators were Streptococcus pneumoniae (37 %), Neisseria meningitidis (13 %) and Listeria monocytogenes (10 %). Ftality rate at a pneumococcus meningitis at adults remains high - 19-30 %.
The pneumococcus meningitis is usually complication of a pneumonia, an average otitis, mastoid disease, a sinusitis or infectious endocarditis. Contributing factors heavy pneumococcus infections - splenectomy, congenital asplenia or functional asplenism, erythroid myeloma, hypogammaglobulinemia, an alcoholism, a cirrhosis of a liver and Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome. Streptococcus pneumoniae - the most frequent activator of a meningitis at crises of the basis of the skull, complicated by liquorrhea.
The meningitis caused Listeria monocytogenes, seldom meets in the USA, however fatality rate at it there is high. These microorganisms amaze newborns/elderly, the people, suffering with an alcoholism, a diabetes, malignant new growths, as well as adult population with the weakened immunity (for example, after transplantation of a kidney or at AIDS) is more often.
Encephalomeningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, after transplantation of a kidney it is possible to reduce desease by means of preventive purpose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. About in 30 % of cases circling disease at adults and in 50 % - at children do not find any contributing factors. Flashes of heavy circling disease are possible at the use in food of the infected milk, cheese or salad from crude cabbage, carrots and an onions.
The meningitis caused aerobic by gram-negative sticks, meets seldom. Exception newborns and make older people. So, at newborns the activator of a bacterial meningitis in 30-50 % of cases happens Escherichia coli. The meningitis after a craniocereberal trauma and neurosurgerical interventions, at older people, at an immunodeficiency, strongyloidosis or bacillemia can be caused Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prevalence of the meningitis caused by gram-negative sticks, is rather insignificant, but death rate remains high. Gram-negative sticks often happen activators of hospital infections, however frequency of the meningitis caused by these microorganisms at extramural contamination, recently increases - especially among the older people weakened, suffering an alcoholism and a diabetes.
The meningitis caused Haemophilus influenzae, meets almost exclusively at children till 6 years. More than 90 % of Haemophilus influenzae's stock concern to type B; all of them encapsulated. To a meningitis precedes carrier state of microorganisms in a nasopharynx with their subsequent penetration into a blood-groove.
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) usually causes a meningitis in children and young men. Epidemics usually caused by microorganisms are possible in serogroups A and B, less often in others serogroups. Neisseria meningitis of serogroup B cause the majority of sporadic cases of a meningococcal meningitis. About 50 % of cases of a meningitis in the USA are caused by activators of this serogroup. Recently frequency of the infections caused Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B increases in Northern America, - first of all stocks which concern to clone ЕТ-15. These stocks cause flashes of disease with high fatality rate is more often. Stocks of serogroup Y cause a pneumonia. About 20 % of bacterial meningitises in the USA - meningococcal. One of the reasons of disease can be carrier state Neisseria meningitidis in a nasopharynx. The contributing factor - insufficiency of components of complement С5, С6, С7, С8 and, probably, С9 (membrane attack complex); thus the risk of the infections caused Neisseria spp., increases in 8000 times, however fatality rate decreases.
Activators of a bacterial meningitis at people 30 years are more senior more often happens Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). In the age of 60 years a pneumococcus meningitis are more senior meets much more often, than at children. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes about 15 % of cases of a bacterial meningitis in the USA. At extramural contamination (from 1962 to 1988) has shown the analysis of 262 cases of a meningitis, that the most frequent activators were Streptococcus pneumoniae (37 %), Neisseria meningitidis (13 %) and Listeria monocytogenes (10 %). Ftality rate at a pneumococcus meningitis at adults remains high - 19-30 %.
The pneumococcus meningitis is usually complication of a pneumonia, an average otitis, mastoid disease, a sinusitis or infectious endocarditis. Contributing factors heavy pneumococcus infections - splenectomy, congenital asplenia or functional asplenism, erythroid myeloma, hypogammaglobulinemia, an alcoholism, a cirrhosis of a liver and Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome. Streptococcus pneumoniae - the most frequent activator of a meningitis at crises of the basis of the skull, complicated by liquorrhea.
The meningitis caused Listeria monocytogenes, seldom meets in the USA, however fatality rate at it there is high. These microorganisms amaze newborns/elderly, the people, suffering with an alcoholism, a diabetes, malignant new growths, as well as adult population with the weakened immunity (for example, after transplantation of a kidney or at AIDS) is more often.
Encephalomeningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, after transplantation of a kidney it is possible to reduce desease by means of preventive purpose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. About in 30 % of cases circling disease at adults and in 50 % - at children do not find any contributing factors. Flashes of heavy circling disease are possible at the use in food of the infected milk, cheese or salad from crude cabbage, carrots and an onions.
The meningitis caused aerobic by gram-negative sticks, meets seldom. Exception newborns and make older people. So, at newborns the activator of a bacterial meningitis in 30-50 % of cases happens Escherichia coli. The meningitis after a craniocereberal trauma and neurosurgerical interventions, at older people, at an immunodeficiency, strongyloidosis or bacillemia can be caused Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prevalence of the meningitis caused by gram-negative sticks, is rather insignificant, but death rate remains high. Gram-negative sticks often happen activators of hospital infections, however frequency of the meningitis caused by these microorganisms at extramural contamination, recently increases - especially among the older people weakened, suffering an alcoholism and a diabetes.
