The salmonellosis is the pluricausal infectious disease caused various serotypes of bacteria of sort Salmonella, is characterized by various clinical displays from asymptomatic carrier state up to heavy septic forms. In most cases of the salmonellosis proceeds with primary defeat of bodies of a digestive path (gastroenteritis, colitis). The activator of the Salmonellosis - greater group of salmonellas (family Enterobacteriaceae, sort Salmonella), numbering now more than 2200 serotypes.
Sources of the Salmonellosis are basically pets and the birds, however the certain value the person (plays also the patient, the carrier) as an additional source.
The basic way of infection at a salmonellosis - alimentary, caused by the use in food of products in which a plenty of salmonellas contains. Usually it is observed at wrong culinary processing. Treatment of a salmonellosis.
The incubatory period at a food way of infection with the Salmonellosis fluctuated from 6 h up to 3 days (more often 12-24). At nosocomial flashes when the contact-household way of transfer of an infection prevails, incubation a salmonellosis about 3-8 days are extended. Allocate following clinical forms of a salmonellosis:
- The gastrointestinal (localized), proceeding in stomachal, gastroenteritis, gastroenterocolitis and coloenteritis variants;
- The generalized form of a salmonellosis in the form of typhoid and septic variants;
- The diphtheriaphor: sharp, chronic and transient;
- The subclinical form of a salmonellosis;
Clinical forms of a salmonellosis differ and on weight of current.
The gastrointestinal form (a sharp gastritis, sharp gastroenteritis or gastroenterocolitis) - one of the most widespread forms of a salmonellosis (96-98 % of cases). Begins sharply, the body temperature (raises at heavy forms up to 39С and above), there is a general weakness, a headache, a fever, a nausea, vomiting, pains in epigastric and umbilical areas, frustration of a chair later joins. At some sick the salmonellosis in the beginning marks only a fever and attributes of the general intoxication, and changes from a gastroenteric path join a little bit later. They are Most expressed by the end of the first and for the second and third day from the beginning of disease by a salmonella. Expressiveness and duration of displays of a salmonellosis depend on weight.
At the easy form of a salmonellosis a body temperature subfebrile, vomiting unitary, a chair liquid aqueous up to 5 times day, duration of a diarrhea 1-3 days, loss of a liquid no more than 3 % of weight of a body. At the middle form of a salmonellosis the temperature raises up to 38-39оС, duration of a fever till 4 days, repeated vomiting, a chair up to 10 times day, duration of a diarrhea till 7 days; the tachycardia, downturn the AD are marked, can develop deaquation I-II degrees, loss of a liquid up to 6 % of weight of a body. Heavy current gastrointestinal forms of a salmonellosis is characterized by a high fever (above 39оС) which lasts 5 and more days, the expressed intoxication. Vomiting repeated, is observed within several days; the chair more than 10 times day, plentiful, aqueous, fetid, can be with an impurity of slime. The diarrhea proceeds till 7 days and more.
The increase in a liver and spleen is marked, is possible icteritiousness leather and sclera. The tachycardia, significant downturn the AD are observed cyanosis leather. Changes from kidneys come to light: oligohydruria, albuminuria, erythrocyte and cylinders in urine, the maintenance of residual nitrogen raises. Can develop sharp nephritic insufficiency. The water-salt exchange (deaquation II-III degrees) is broken, that is shown in dryness of a leather, blue disease, aphonia, spasmes. Losses of a liquid reach 7-10 % of weight of a body. In blood the level of hemoglobin and erythrocyte raises, is characteristic moderated leukocytosis with shift leukocytic formulas to the left.
The most frequent clinical variant at gastrointestinal a salmonellosis gastroenteritis. Destructive changes at a salmonellosis in a thick gut are registered only in 5-8 % of cases. Gastroenterology and colitis variants of a salmonellosis should be diagnosed only if in a clinical picture of disease displays colitis prevail and is available bacteriological or serologic acknowledgement of the diagnosis as these variants of a salmonellosis are rather similar on current to a sharp dysentery.
Sources of the Salmonellosis are basically pets and the birds, however the certain value the person (plays also the patient, the carrier) as an additional source.
The basic way of infection at a salmonellosis - alimentary, caused by the use in food of products in which a plenty of salmonellas contains. Usually it is observed at wrong culinary processing. Treatment of a salmonellosis.
The incubatory period at a food way of infection with the Salmonellosis fluctuated from 6 h up to 3 days (more often 12-24). At nosocomial flashes when the contact-household way of transfer of an infection prevails, incubation a salmonellosis about 3-8 days are extended. Allocate following clinical forms of a salmonellosis:
- The gastrointestinal (localized), proceeding in stomachal, gastroenteritis, gastroenterocolitis and coloenteritis variants;
- The generalized form of a salmonellosis in the form of typhoid and septic variants;
- The diphtheriaphor: sharp, chronic and transient;
- The subclinical form of a salmonellosis;
Clinical forms of a salmonellosis differ and on weight of current.
The gastrointestinal form (a sharp gastritis, sharp gastroenteritis or gastroenterocolitis) - one of the most widespread forms of a salmonellosis (96-98 % of cases). Begins sharply, the body temperature (raises at heavy forms up to 39С and above), there is a general weakness, a headache, a fever, a nausea, vomiting, pains in epigastric and umbilical areas, frustration of a chair later joins. At some sick the salmonellosis in the beginning marks only a fever and attributes of the general intoxication, and changes from a gastroenteric path join a little bit later. They are Most expressed by the end of the first and for the second and third day from the beginning of disease by a salmonella. Expressiveness and duration of displays of a salmonellosis depend on weight.
At the easy form of a salmonellosis a body temperature subfebrile, vomiting unitary, a chair liquid aqueous up to 5 times day, duration of a diarrhea 1-3 days, loss of a liquid no more than 3 % of weight of a body. At the middle form of a salmonellosis the temperature raises up to 38-39оС, duration of a fever till 4 days, repeated vomiting, a chair up to 10 times day, duration of a diarrhea till 7 days; the tachycardia, downturn the AD are marked, can develop deaquation I-II degrees, loss of a liquid up to 6 % of weight of a body. Heavy current gastrointestinal forms of a salmonellosis is characterized by a high fever (above 39оС) which lasts 5 and more days, the expressed intoxication. Vomiting repeated, is observed within several days; the chair more than 10 times day, plentiful, aqueous, fetid, can be with an impurity of slime. The diarrhea proceeds till 7 days and more.
The increase in a liver and spleen is marked, is possible icteritiousness leather and sclera. The tachycardia, significant downturn the AD are observed cyanosis leather. Changes from kidneys come to light: oligohydruria, albuminuria, erythrocyte and cylinders in urine, the maintenance of residual nitrogen raises. Can develop sharp nephritic insufficiency. The water-salt exchange (deaquation II-III degrees) is broken, that is shown in dryness of a leather, blue disease, aphonia, spasmes. Losses of a liquid reach 7-10 % of weight of a body. In blood the level of hemoglobin and erythrocyte raises, is characteristic moderated leukocytosis with shift leukocytic formulas to the left.
The most frequent clinical variant at gastrointestinal a salmonellosis gastroenteritis. Destructive changes at a salmonellosis in a thick gut are registered only in 5-8 % of cases. Gastroenterology and colitis variants of a salmonellosis should be diagnosed only if in a clinical picture of disease displays colitis prevail and is available bacteriological or serologic acknowledgement of the diagnosis as these variants of a salmonellosis are rather similar on current to a sharp dysentery.
