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Archive for April 2008

What are the acute glomerulonephritis complications »

Tuesday, April 29, 2008 · Posted in

The acute phase of the major complications of congestive cycle of a serious state of hypertensive encephalopathy and acute renal failure. Along with the prevention and control work in recent years to strengthen its incidence and mortality has decreased significantly. 1. Cycle of congestive Status: because Shuinazhuliu, blood volume dried up, until pulmonary edema. Each reported incidence varies with the severity, treatment-related. China reported 50 to 60 years to be hospitalized children with acute nephritis 24% to 27% of such complications to see, in recent years, the report has dropped to 2.4 percent. Many occurred in the onset of acute nephritis after 1 to 2 weeks. Clinical performance for the short breath, not sits flat chest tightness, coughing, lung wet-end audio, liver great tenderness, Benma law, and other symptoms of heart failure around, the result caused by expansion of blood volume, and cardiac pumps dried up and really different. At this time of a stroke more often and are not reduced, the normal cycle time, moving no more blood oxygen difference, and digitalis type shot in the arm to poor efficiency, and the application of diuretics often to ease. Very few can develop severe to the real heart failure, in a few hours to 1 to 2 days of rapidly emerging and life-threatening pulmonary edema. 2. Hypertensive encephalopathy: that blood pressure (especially the diastolic blood pressure) dramatically increased, in terms of a central nervous system symptoms. General多见children than adults. Generally believe that this disease is systemic hypertension on the basis of resistance to the brain caused small vasospasm cerebral hypoxia caused cerebral edema, but some people feel that is a sharp increase blood pressure, cerebral vascular with the regulatory function of the automatic systolic and diastolic out of control, A high degree of cerebral vascular congestion, also a result of cerebral edema, acute nephritis the Shuinazhuliu also play a role in the pathogenesis. Many occurred in the early course of acute nephritis, a general acute onset, severe headache for the performance, frequent nausea and vomiting, followed by visual disturbances, confusion, double vision, temporary and Mongolia, and lethargy or irritability, if not timely Treatment occurred convulsions, coma, a small number of temporary hemiplegia aphasia, when severe cerebral hernia. Nervous system have no limitations signs, light reflection and tendon reflexes may weaken or disappear, sometimes ankle clonic positive, but also a reflection pathology, may have serious signs and symptoms of cerebral hernia. Fundus examination common retinal arteries spasm, and sometimes the foreseeable edema optic papilla. CSF Qingliang, pressure and protein in normal or slightly increased. Such as blood pressure more than 18.7/12.0 kPa (140/90mmHg), and with visual impairment, convulsions and coma for three to a diagnosis. 3. Acute renal failure: a significant portion of children with acute nephritis in the acute phase have varying degrees of azotemia, but the progress for acute renal failure, only a very small number. Complications is still lack of effective preventive measures, acute nephritis has become the leading cause of death. Clinical manifestations of oliguria or urine, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine increase, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis. Oliguria or urine for three to five or more than one week, then increase the amount of urine, the symptoms disappeared, kidney function gradually resumed. 4, secondary bacterial infection, acute nephritis due to lower body resistance and easy to secondary infection, the most common is the lung and urinary tract infection, in case of secondary infection, should be actively symptomatic treatment, so as to avoid the original disease Heavier.
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Pregnant women are susceptible Pyelonephritis

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Pyelonephritis pregnant women is common urinary tract diseases. This is because: 1, during pregnancy ureter by estrogen and progesterone the impact of expansion, resulting in relaxation organizations to expand the lumen, creeping slowly, the exclusion of urine retention, often to urinary retention in the ureter and renal pelvis, so as to bacteria in the ureter and renal pelvis, The growth has created conditions for breeding. 2, the female urethra mouth bacteria directly adjacent easy to gather the vagina and anus mouth, and the urethra is short, only three to four centimeters, such as neglect of health, bacteria found easily penetrated up urethra and pelvis, caused pyelonephritis. 3, husband and wife in sexual intercourse before does not wash genitalia, sexual intercourse between men and women at the genitals of close contact and friction, collisions and the woman's urethra mouth, and often vulnerable to bacterial invasion opportunity urethra, the bacteria as a result of the pelvis. 4, uterine pregnancy can cause constipation squeeze intestine, thus vulnerable to the bacteria in the large intestine from the intestine through the lymphatic invasion ureter, bladder, urethra and pelvis. 5, arrived in the body during pregnancy engage in lower risk of gingivitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, rhinitis, infected lesions of bacteria, can spread to the blood circulation urinary system, causing pyelonephritis. In order to protect the health of pregnant women and fetuses, pregnant women should emphasize health, maintain genital hygiene, washing Chen Ku-Qin, Qin bath, rub feces, by the former backward to avoid pollution urethra. Sexual intercourse after the woman's best solution to a urine, so that the bacteria may enter the urethra-out. Pregnant women to strengthen moderate physical exercise, strengthening the body resistance ability to prevent the disease occurred, pregnant women should drink boiled water, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, to increase the amount of urine, washing urethra, to avoid the growth of the bacteria. If suffering from pyelonephritis, timely treatment, and to disable the damage to the kidneys are the drugs, such as gentamycin, kanamycin, iodine contrast agents.
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What are the symptoms of neonatal hepatitis?

Tuesday, April 22, 2008 · Posted in

An infant with neonatal hepatitis usually has jaundice (yellow eyes and skin) that appears at one to two months of age. Jaundice occurs when the flow of bile from the liver is blocked due to an inflammation or obstruction of the bile ducts. Since bile is essential in the digestion of fats and absorption of fat soluble vitamins, a child with neonatal hepatitis may fail to gain weight and grow normally. The infant will also have an enlarged liver and spleen.
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How is neonatal hepatitis diagnosed?

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The diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis is initially based on blood tests aimed at identifying possible viral infections leading to the disease. In cases where no virus is identified, a liver biopsy is performed. This involves the removal of a small piece of the liver using a special syringe for examination under a microscope.
Biopsy results will often show that groups of four or five liver cells have joined together to form larger cells. Although these large cells continue to function, they do so at a lesser rate than normal liver cells. This type of neonatal hepatitis is sometimes called giant cell hepatitis.
The symptoms of neonatal hepatitis are similar to those associated with another infant liver disease called biliary atresia. In infants with biliary atresia however, bile ducts are progressively destroyed for reasons that are poorly understood. Although an infant with biliary atresia is also jaundiced with an enlarged liver, there is generally normal growth and the spleen is not inflamed. In addition to symptoms, a liver biopsy and blood tests are needed to distinguish biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis.
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What is the erosive gastritis?

Sunday, April 20, 2008 · Posted in

Also known as gastric erosion, Can be diagnosed by endoscopy, gastric means confined to the shallow ulcers, but the depth of myometrial not more than mucosa, which can be differentiated from gastric ulcer. Gastroscopy can be divided into: ① verrucous Gastritis: gastric mucosa, or a single-round uplift of the Central Government to umbilical-like depression, that is rotten to the core. ② flat erosive gastritis: Gastric on a very shallow depression, the coverage above the thin white or yellow moss. ③ bleeding erosive gastritis: in the erosion on the basis of that bright red or brown lesions bleeding. ④ point erosion: erosive lesions showed punctate distribution, color red. Similar symptoms can be chronic gastritis, upper abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, Bao Chan, a serious and hematemesis (or) black it.
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Simple acute gastritis pathogenic factors which

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Simple etiology of acute gastritis diversify its mainly by the chemical, physical contact or stimulation caused bacteria and their toxins: (1) chemical irritation: oral administration of certain drugs (such as salicylic acid salts, indomethacin, ibuprofen, Bao Taisong, iodine preparations, reserpine and adrenocorticotropic hormone), a large number of potent drink wine, tea, coffee, and so on, can stimulate gastric mucosal damage caused gastric hyperemia and edema, or hemorrhage, erosion, a result of the occurrence of acute gastritis simple. (2) Physical factors: eating too cold or too rough with the overheating of food, foreign bodies and persimmon-stimulating, stomach and gastric freezing radiation therapy may cause gastric mucosal injury caused inflammatory changes. (3) consuming bacteria or their toxins contaminated food: consuming bacteria or their toxins contaminated food can cause acute gastroenteritis, also known as food poisoning. Disease-causing bacteria in the genus Salmonella is a common genus and halophilic, Staphylococcus aureus toxin to more toxins. In addition, the intestinal infection can lead to acute gastritis simple. In addition, the spirit of nerve dysfunction, stress, the body caused by various factors and certain systemic allergic diseases such as diffuse liver disease, portal hypertension, uremia. Chronic pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, a lack of vitamin disease, and intestinal malabsorption, such as advanced cancer can be as endogenous stimulating factor, caused acute gastric mucosal inflammation.
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The reasons for the cause of bone necrosis what?

Wednesday, April 9, 2008 · Posted in

Avascular necrosis of bone tissue, also known as aseptic bone necrosis, is a common disease. With the trauma, hormone and alcohol, and many other factors.
Joint near the fracture is displaced from one of the main causes of bone necrosis. Fractures to local blood supply has been damaged, and this also seen some dislocation of the hip patients.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone is an important cause of bone necrosis factor, but not the only factor. Relevant data show that long-term use of hormones, blood lipid often unknown nature of the change at the same time, bone marrow fat cell volume increases, formation of fat embolism, obstructive vascular; addition, the hormone can also cause increased blood pressure, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis Osteoporosis, a micro-fracture, these changes may be involved in ischemic necrosis of bone tissue. At the same time, hormone used for chronic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, these diseases can often involving their own blood vessels, bone and bone marrow, leading to bone necrosis.
According to statistics abroad, bone necrosis lO% -30% of patients with high alcohol consumption history. This may be related to alcohol are easily repeated trauma, and alcohol intake easily lead to a large number fatty liver degeneration, and lipid cycle, the micro-vascular thrombus formation.
Patients with lymphoma, and other local radiation therapy, but also can cause osteonecrosis. In addition, hyperlipidemia, gout, arteriosclerosis, such as burns and bone necrosis there is a certain relationship.
Osteonecrosis of unknown causes, ischemic necrosis of bone patients about 20% -40%.
In the common femoral head osteonecrosis, the humeral head, femoral condyle, proximal tibia and foot, ankle, wrist bone tissue, clinical performance for the single, can damage many parts. About 85 per cent of patients had symptoms of bone necrosis, the initiative when almost all pain, and 2 / 3 of patients are also in the rest pain, pain at night, or about 40 per cent. Hip and shoulder involvement, 2 / 3 movement be restricted, have knee involvement 1 / 4 patients had limited movement.
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How to diagnose drug-induced hepatitis?

Monday, April 7, 2008 · Posted in

(1) for patients with liver diseases, consideration should be given to the possibility of drug-induced, it should be asked in detail about the history of medication, such as dosage, administration and the beginning of time to stop, such as the interval from the onset. Literature data show that about 50% to 70% of patients with drug-induced hepatitis after treatment in two weeks, the incidence of about 80% -90% in the eight weeks of incidence. In addition, should also be aware of the occupational contact with drugs or chemicals.
(2) whether the attention of fever, skin and mucous damage, skin rashes, joint pain and eosinophilia, and other allergic symptoms. We must pay attention to the size of the liver, because some drugs can cause asymptomatic hepatomegaly.
(3) It should be noted with acute and chronic viral hepatitis, obstructive jaundice and cirrhosis of identification, such as.
(4) liver biopsy examination, we can see that portal District inflammation, and a large number of eosinophil infiltration and cholestasis, it is conducive to drug-induced hepatitis diagnosis.
(5) Some people think that after the resumption of the liver, skin allergies do drugs test in the diagnosis of help. Some people recommend using a small dose of the drug provocation test, were measured before and after the administration of a variety of serum enzyme activity, many times in a row after the administration of significantly higher than before treatment could be considered drug-induced hepatitis. Drug provocation test but only 40% to 60% positive, and some duplication of administration a long time, provocation test there is still a risk, it can not be used lightly.
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Chronic hepatitis because of the most common diseases

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General acute clinical hepatitis after the course more than six months and continued existence of liver inflammation, called chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis is more than changing from acute viral hepatitis, autoimmune disorder of the body, long-term use of drugs damage the liver and the body of drug allergies, alcohol and the lack of certain enzymes, such as metabolic disorders can lead to the occurrence of this disease.
Different acute hepatitis virus infection into the possibility of chronic hepatitis is obviously different. A and hepatitis E virus infection during the acute stage after the self-limited disease, the prognosis is good, does not carry the virus continued to state, not into chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, acute hepatitis B about 15 percent of chronic hepatitis change About 20 per cent of the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma occurred about 0.6 percent; hepatitis C has evolved into more chronic hepatitis, it was reported in the literature, hepatitis C about 36% (26% ~ 55%) of chronic change.
Caused by the hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis B, in the etiology of chronic hepatitis induced by 80 per cent to 90 per cent, therefore, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is the most common causes of hepatitis.
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Caused What is the cause of gout

Friday, April 4, 2008 · Posted in

Gout is an ancient disease, in the past several thousand years of Egyptian mummies have been found on the signs of gout. In 2070 more than 400 years, people have a sense of gout. The first description of the characteristics of this disease gout in ancient Greece, Hippocrates, his main gouty arthritis of the characteristics of a well documented. Gout in the past because of the incidence less, and many people do not understand the disease, gout that is incurred by the cold and joint pain, in fact otherwise. So, what is Gout causes? In the human body has a substance called purine, mainly in the form of purine nucleotides, as energy supply, regulating metabolism and composition, such as coenzyme plays a very important role. When its metabolism disorder and will be cause gout. After a series of purine metabolism changes, the final product is the formation of uric acid. Uric acid in the human body there is no physiological function, in normal circumstances, in the uric acid, 2 / 3, from the kidney, and the remaining 1 / 3 discharged from the gut. Uric acid is constantly in formation and excretion, and it in the blood to maintain certain concentration. Normal contained in a litre of blood uric acid, male mole below 0.42 cents, women no more than O. Moore 357 cents. Purine Synthesis and in the decomposition process, the involvement of a variety of enzymes, because of congenital abnormalities or certain factors not yet clear, metabolism disorder, or an increase of uric acid from the reduction results can cause high urine acidosis. When the excessive concentration of uric acid, sodium acid that is in the form of deposits in joints, and soft tissues, cartilage and kidneys, cause foreign body inflammatory response organizations, has become the bane of gout caused.
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What factors can cause acute gouty arthritis

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Apart from the joint local wet, cold, there are factors which can cause acute gouty arthritis? Many factors can cause acute gouty arthritis attack. Clinical data from the statistics, about 40% -50% of the patients can be found that lead to acute arthritis incentives. Fatigue and high-purine diet is the most common incentives. Clinically, some overtime work in the border, or long-distance travel, relocation or new home circumstances and morbidity due to excessive fatigue, but some are sated with food in the large number of fish, meat food after onset. Other common incentives include drinking, cold, the local strain or sprain joints, excessive movement (such as long-distance running, swimming, football, etc.), mental stress, respiratory tract infections. Sexually excessive for a small number of patients induced by acute arthritis. Peacetime drugs can effectively control serum uric acid attack for a long time without the sick man of arthritis in the hands to stop medication may also cause acute arthritis. Some patients can often be found two or more incentives at the same time, such as drinking and eating large quantities of fish, meat, fatigue and cold; mental stimulation and drinking, exercise and excessive strain or sprain joints, etc.. Also have a large number of acute gouty arthritis patients no incentive to attack.
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NPC pathogenic factors which

Thursday, April 3, 2008 · Posted in

Nasopharyngeal cancer etiology is not yet very clear, as the nose Kong nasopharynx, oral the same, susceptible to the impact of the external environment, such as long-term exposure to certain chemical carcinogens (pesticides, benzene coal tar, oil and tobacco, etc. - ), which directly stimulate nasal carcinogenic substances, such as Cantonese from time to eat like salted fish, such as marinated meats. And nasopharyngeal carcinoma in recent years found a herpes virus (EB virus) is closely related to Xiao, it is because in most patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with serum containing high titer of anti-EB virus antibodies. Its carcinogenic mechanism is not clear. According to a survey of genetic factors in the incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, plays a certain role, and some stem from the brothers, sisters or parents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, also twin brothers have been suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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What has nasopharyngeal carcinoma performance?

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Nasopharyngeal cancer in a high incidence of China, especially in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi, The most common in the south. Most of the age 40 to 60 years old, male see more. At present the etiology is not clear, and may be virus infection, genetic and family living environment to a certain extent relations.
As the nasopharynx concealed location, and because the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma not obvious, and often easy to be ignored, the results to the hospital to visit the most terminally ill patients, resulting cancer metastasis to the treatment difficult.
There are four NPC typical clinical symptoms: nasal bleeding, neck lymph nodes, cranial nerve violations were headache, double vision, hearing loss, facial paralysis, hoarseness, ear for ear symptoms of nausea and deafness.
Early performance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the nose in the bloodshot after sputum or nasal suction blood; nose airtight, unilateral or bilateral; hearing loss, tinnitus and nausea accompanied by ear; painless neck lymph nodes enlargement. Advanced to the obvious headache, and most persistent headache, and violations of the cranial nerve symptoms.
Suspected of suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer, to the hospital ENT examination, the CT tomography and pathologic examination of the nasopharynx, with clinical manifestations, most can be quickly diagnosed.
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NPC common symptoms and treatment

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Is a common malignancy, particularly in the South China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan), the most common. Middle-aged male high incidence of. More research on the etiology, but has yet to fully identify, and may be genetic, EB virus infection, and environmental factors, such as the chemical carcinogen. Symptom: hidden location in the nasopharynx, inspection difficult, the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the same time more complex, the lack of features, is easy to be neglected, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and must be vigilant. Common symptoms are: ① Bleeding: Sniff mainly in the blood after Ren, a bloody nose or nose. Bloodshot often start a small, easily overlooked until more amount of bleeding, often in all lesions have been advanced. ② headache: Early can be a headache, but more preferred side, with intermittent; appeared late persistent severe headache, easy to mistakenly believe that neural migraine. ③ cervical lymphadenopathy: unilateral or bilateral neck in mass incompetence of hard, activities of the poor, and often easy to mistakenly believe that the lymph nodes or lymph node inflammation. ④ other symptoms: Apart from the performance of one or all of the above symptoms, but also a stuffy nose, ears closed, tinnitus, and the Department of numbness, diplopia, down on dangerous symptoms. Yi advanced to the intracranial tumor violations and bone, liver, lung and other distant metastasis. Diagnosis: nasopharyngeal examination is painful swelling that the most effective and reliable means of the final diagnosis depends on biopsy sections. EB virus serological examination to early detection. B-liver and spleen, chest, skull base cat photos or CT scan checks for understanding diseases such as violations of distant metastasis, and whether or not meaningful. Radiation is the main method of treatment, anti-cancer drugs can be used in conjunction with radiotherapy mention of the mass may consider surgery or other treatment.
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NPC common symptoms and treatment

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Is a common malignancy, particularly in the South China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan), the most common. Middle-aged male high incidence of. More research on the etiology, but has yet to fully identify, and may be genetic, EB virus infection, and environmental factors, such as the chemical carcinogen. Symptom: hidden location in the nasopharynx, inspection difficult, the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the same time more complex, the lack of features, is easy to be neglected, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and must be vigilant. Common symptoms are: ① Bleeding: Sniff mainly in the blood after Ren, a bloody nose or nose. Bloodshot often start a small, easily overlooked until more amount of bleeding, often in all lesions have been advanced. ② headache: Early can be a headache, but more preferred side, with intermittent; appeared late persistent severe headache, easy to mistakenly believe that neural migraine. ③ cervical lymphadenopathy: unilateral or bilateral neck in mass incompetence of hard, activities of the poor, and often easy to mistakenly believe that the lymph nodes or lymph node inflammation. ④ other symptoms: Apart from the performance of one or all of the above symptoms, but also a stuffy nose, ears closed, tinnitus, and the Department of numbness, diplopia, down on dangerous symptoms. Yi advanced to the intracranial tumor violations and bone, liver, lung and other distant metastasis. Diagnosis: nasopharyngeal examination is painful swelling that the most effective and reliable means of the final diagnosis depends on biopsy sections. EB virus serological examination to early detection. B-liver and spleen, chest, skull base cat photos or CT scan checks for understanding diseases such as violations of distant metastasis, and whether or not meaningful. Radiation is the main method of treatment, anti-cancer drugs can be used in conjunction with radiotherapy mention of the mass may consider surgery or other treatment.
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NPC common clinical symptoms

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NPC location concealment, with eyes, ears, nose and throat, bone and skull base neurosurgery, and other vital organs adjacent, is easily in the mucosa under the direct invasion to adjacent organs or lymph node metastasis in the biological behavior, symptoms change or not obvious, and often the patient or the physician negligence. Many patients often first medicine, surgery, neurology, ophthalmology treatment, several twists and turns before the ENT or radiotherapy Branch diagnosis and treatment. As early nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor small, with the mucosal surface or submucosal invasion, tumors involving the eustachian tube openings, it can have no symptoms. Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma retraction of the blood T to the most, followed by hearing loss, tinnitus, ear, such as occlusion.
NPC common symptoms are: (1) cervical lymphadenopathy: nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with cervical lymph node enlargement as the first symptom of 36.5%, when the treatment of cervical lymph node metastasis of 70.6%.
(2) withdrawal of blood T or epistaxis: retraction of the blood T usually get up in the morning after I Hengchu blood from the nose, with little blood, patients often neglect, or as a medicine to hemoptysis Pulmonary Branch or attendance. As nasopharyngeal cavity relatively brittle tumor angiogenesis, tumor appearance mucosa often not covered, it is easy to blood T symptoms. Retraction of the blood T is one of the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, patients and physicians should arouse attention.
(3) tinnitus, hearing loss, ear occlusion flu: NPC in nasopharyngeal lateral, or side Waterloo eustachian tube openings upper lip, tumor compression of the eustachian tube can occur unilateral tinnitus or hearing loss, but also He card in otitis media. Unilateral tinnitus or hearing loss, ear occlusion flu is one of the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
(4) headache: headache often side of migraine in forehead, temporal or occipital. Light, headache without treatment, weight will be required to serve analgesics, and even injecting painkillers. There are many reasons for headaches, but brain damage or destruction of the skull base is often a headache one of the reasons. Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma headache may be the first one trigeminal nerve endings in the epidural nerve stimulation reflex caused by the Department.
(5) nasal: nasopharyngeal carcinoma occur in the anterior wall of the nasopharynx top, it is easy to rear of the nasal cavity, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma CT examination of the nasal cavity of 42.9%. Treatment of the nasal symptoms 48.6%.
(6)-MA: It refers to facial skin numbness, pain and clinical examination for tactile diminish or disappear. Chang entered the cavernous sinus tumor caused a trigeminal nerve section or two impaired tumor invasion foramen ovale, before the styloid process, the trigeminal nerve from the first three regular front of the ear, temporal, cheek, lower lip and chin skin and numbness or paresthesia.
(7) diplopia: As the tumor invasion outreach nerve, often caused outside of a double as video. Pulley nerve involvement, often caused inward strabismus, diplopia. Often associated with trigeminal nerve damage.
(8) tongue muscle atrophy and Shengua deviation: a direct violation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis to lymph nodes or poststyloid or hypoglossal canal, the hypoglossal nerve involvement, the disease caused Shengua preferred side, tongue side with disease atrophy. If bilateral hypoglossal nerve damage caused Shen She will be difficult. Shengua after the deflection rate of Ma, diplopia.
(9) ptosis, eyeball fixed: oculomotor nerve damage. Eyesight diminish or disappear with the orbital optic nerve damage or violations of the cone. Qinge and swallowing difficulties and vagus nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve damage.
(10) menopause: As NPC first symptom very rare, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma invading the sphenoid sinus and pituitary.
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Early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer incidence

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China is a high rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma one of the countries of the south than the north morbidity, especially in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Hunan provinces, where a high incidence of 10,000 can be achieved 15/10 ~ 30/10 million. NPC their own difficult to discover, until found some symptoms to the hospital for an examination, it is already 80% advanced. But if using serological examination, 90% of the patients in the early detection. One patient after radiation treatment, five-year survival rates can reach 90 percent. Located in the Guangxi Wuzhou Cangwu and nasopharyngeal carcinoma Institute, found after years of study, the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the first five to 10 years, in patients with the anti-EB virus antigen-antibody shell are there. Check this virus can be found in advance nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Under normal circumstances, early the following four kinds of nasopharyngeal carcinoma often performance, though not self-discovery, but some careful can still be found from the many clues:
1, such abnormal bleeding even with the exception of a few bleeding nose, not consciously symptoms, the highest number of the morning bleeding.
2, stubbornly otitis media performance for the discharge side of the canal, tinnitus, hearing loss, attic effusion.
3, unilateral headache for the performance of intractable headache, facial paralysis with diplopia and Drug difficult to relieve suffering.
4, cervical lymphadenopathy According to statistics, the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the lymph nodes in the neck rate of 70 per cent to 90 per cent, of which 38.5 per cent for the first symptoms. Its exact location of the cervical approach the top of the mastoid muscle beneath a hard painless nature, location fixed mass, rapid growth. All of the above symptoms and continued more than two weeks, the patient can be regarded as suspicious should immediately to the hospital for an examination. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma there is a common clinical symptoms are nausea Cypriot flu ear, middle ear and the nasopharynx and the anatomical characteristics of the cavity.
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NPC vigilance unilateral tinnitus signal

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When blood nose, a neck mass, people will not suspect had nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, with nasopharyngeal carcinoma Another important symptom - the exact cause of the unilateral tinnitus occurs, people often do not attach importance to, delays diagnosis and treatment. According to statistics, the number of nasopharyngeal cancer treatment, about half of the phenomenon of tinnitus patients.
The nasopharynx and middle ear cavity between the eustachian tube the same root, it can be adjusted in the middle ear cavity pressure, and internal and external pressure to maintain the balance of the tympanic membrane. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma occur in the nasopharynx of the drum opening in the vicinity of tumor suppression eustachian tube openings, resulting in obstruction, NPC tinnitus truth in this.
Therefore, once an identifiable cause of unilateral tinnitus, especially in the age of men over 30 years of age, have closed ears phenomenon, should be highly vigilant against the possibility of pharyngeal cancer.
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What are the ways the spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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NPC refers occurred in the top and lateral wall of the nasopharynx cancer. The proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in two aspects: ① violations of the skull base and this intracranial invasion, causing bone destruction, or pressure of neurosurgery, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ the brain most common. ② extracranial extension will be a direct violation of our neighbours such as sinus cavity nasopharynx, oropharynx, parapharyngeal organizations, the pterygopalatine fossa, and even penetrated eyes. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis to lymph node metastasis in general mainly to reach deep cervical lymph nodes, neck, neck, supraclavicular lymph nodes, etc.. Early general found in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with the exception of a handful of occasional tinnitus, T blood, in general, asymptomatic. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with the signs and symptoms of nasal obstruction, T blood, otitis media, tinnitus, vision loss, eye movement disorders outreach, diplopia, migraine, pain, fever, hoarseness, neck lymph nodes, as well as from distant metastasis caused by the corresponding symptoms.
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How early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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(1) over the age of 25, more than two weeks unilateral nasal continuous block, T blood, especially with Chen Qi, nasopharyngeal secretions or small blood clots bloodshot, epistaxis, tinnitus, ear plugging, hearing loss;
(2) continuing unilateral recurrent headache;
(3) above or posterior cervical approach Triangle area of cervical lymph node tumor;
(4) conditional region should set up regular anti-cancer clinic or a large-scale survey of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is found early asymptomatic an important means of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NPC to identify the main risk group, focusing on regular observation and inspection.
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What is the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

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Genetic factors: nasopharyngeal carcinoma were seen mainly in the yellow people. South China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian), and other provinces and some Southeast Asian countries is the world's highest incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma region. Guangdong Province again Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhaoqing and other areas of the highest incidence rates per 100,000 males in the 18 to 27 individuals have breast cancer, while women accounted for 8 to 9. Even if the high incidence area who moved to distant, as to the northeast, their descendants are still maintaining a very high incidence tendency This shows that the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has obvious racial sensitivity. In addition, both in the high incidence area or in low-incidence areas, can be found familial aggregation of the tendency. For example, the census found in this typical example, a three generations of 49 people, 10 people suffering from cancer, of which 9 were nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It can be said that genetic factors in the etiology of the NPC plays an important role.
Virus: 1964, it was Africa's children from the successful cultivation of malignant lymphoma cells in a tumor, under electron microscopy, and found a large number of herpes virus particles, and was named EB virus, but studies have shown that this virus and nasopharyngeal closely related to cancer. For example, the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the EB virus antigen specificity of the antibody response, and the amount of antibodies from early to late in the development process of growing; EB virus exists in a large number of nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies; EB virus will not only enable human tissues, but also closer to human primates malignant change in the organization, with a clear role to the tumor, and so on. Based on these results, some people might even think that EB virus is the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Environmental carcinogens factors: Many studies and experimental results show that the NPC and the high incidence area in the living environment, with food, clothing, shelter and transportation contacts in a number of carcinogenic substances. For example, many high incidence area residents at an early age like to salted fish, salted fish containing more nitrosamine compounds in the patient's household dust contains a lot of the multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons; In addition, in areas with high air, water, food even in the patient's hair trace elements contain more nickel, and so on, these substances are considered to have a carcinogenic effect. On the NPC and the relationship between environmental carcinogens, there are some different views.
In short, nasopharyngeal carcinoma in secret, people also need to be further explored.
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Laryngeal how the prevention and treatment of obstructive

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Obstruction of emergency jets, in the treatment measures, we should seize every opportunity to decisively properly, the real race against time to save the lives of emergencies
Treatment principle is the cause for different treatment because of the timely lifting throat obstruction, airway patency maintain.
This principle is based on two different causes, the degree of difficulty in breathing, and obstruction of technical equipment to lift the conditions of priority after.
According to the severity and throat obstruction can be divided into four:
I, in the noisy activities or cry when mild breathing difficulties;
II, fighting tears not only in the activities, also in a quiet, mild breathing difficulties;
III, that is obstruction + II of the jets "of the four";
IV, that is obstruction III + jets of cyanosis.
Generally speaking, III, IV obstruction of the larynx must be made immediately tracheotomy to relieve the obstruction.
In the treatment of the first, we should actively cause of treatment. Caused by inflammation should use the full dose of hormones and antibiotics in the treatment of drug to be ineffective for the tracheotomy.
If the foreign body should be in addition to early admission, if there is such a II-III of obstruction, it appropriate to take tracheal foreign body would be more appropriate. In the treatment of the disease at the same time to observe closely the changes in oxygen, do tracheotomy preparations can be prepared Lamine, caffeine, such as endotracheal intubation rescue drugs and equipment.
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Combat jets acute obstruction Introduction

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ENT acute laryngeal congestion is a casualty, inspiratory respiratory difficulties as the main performance can be a few hours or a bit in the pathogenesis of asphyxia caused life-threatening and must be attention.
Acute laryngeal obstruction was particularly prevalent in the acute inflammation of the throat, such as children with acute laryngitis, larynx edema, such as posterior pharyngeal abscess. Accompanied with fever, hoarseness, swelling and pain. Comparison of acute onset, rapid development, when the disease develops to a certain extent, that is, in inspiratory respiratory difficulties, due to throat obstruction, air can flow through the glottis, Waterloo on the sternum can cause depression, depression and the supraclavicular fossa help Clearance Depression of the inhalation of three concave.
Inspiratory stridor jets is a special hose obstructive symptoms, especially seen in children with acute laryngitis. Laryngeal obstruction caused breathing difficulties.
Because tissue hypoxia, especially pediatric patients, there may be irritability, looking pale, profuse sweating, lip means the cyanosis, cold extremities, pulse fine without rules, of respiratory failure and life-threatening.
Mechanical plug can also lead to acute respiratory obstruction jets, such as into a foreign body in the throat and trachea, most of the Peanut or melon seeds, and Wen neck trauma caused by jets, such as advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
On suspected obstruction in patients with acute laryngeal immediately sent to hospital for emergency treatment, leading to breathing difficulties lifting the original disease.
Pediatric acute laryngitis use of antibiotics and glucocorticoid treatment, significant effects.
If the tracheobronchial foreign body should be held bronchoscopy examination, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment.
When patients with acute laryngeal obstructive breathing difficulties arise irritability, cyanosis, coma verge of suffocation state, should act decisively in a timely manner to tracheal intubation or tracheostomy so miss the opportunity to create consequences.
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Surgical resection is not required for NPC

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China's NPC is a high incidence of malignant tumors of the top ten. Generally speaking cancer cure is surgical resection, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the exception of radiation therapy is preferred.
There are three reasons:
(1) special anatomical location. NPC in the position of concealment, Chui only 5.5-6.0 cm in diameter, the shape of a small matchbox, the rectangular cavity. For its posterior cervical spine, the top wall for the base of the skull, a broken-sublingual, glossopharyngeal, vagus, nerve and important arteriovenous access Lu Qiang, which also invasive intracranial nasopharyngeal carcinoma, both sides wall artery, vein and lymphatic organizations. By the great vessels, enveloping the tiny cranial nerve tumor is difficult to radical surgery, not damage it more difficult for these important structures, "The Anatomy of the restrictions, nasopharyngeal cancer surgery non-ideal approach" concluded that the There are objective basis.
(2) to the rapid development of surgical lesions difficulties and limitations. Tumor expand upward into the middle cranial fossa, many cranial nerve damage to the deep cervical lymph node metastasis, its transfer rate is as high as 60 percent to 80 percent, at the same time intracranial and cervical metastasis, but also to the distant liver and metastasis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is more vicious high degree of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinoma, the early diagnosis was only 4% -7%, in the treatment of advanced patients.
(3) radiotherapy good effect. Its five-year survival rate up to 49.5%, radiotherapy may be the original structure, less trauma, the depth of X-ray and cobalt 60, the accelerator has become the principal means of treatment.
Of course, there are individual cases of the use of surgical resection, tumor limitations such as no signs of metastasis, or residual tumor after radiotherapy were.
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How early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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(1) nasal symptoms: Early in the suction often have bloody nose or sputum, with bloodshot generally small amount of bleeding, can be a large number of advanced and nasal bleeding. (2) ear symptoms: nausea ears, tinnitus and hearing loss. In the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, about half of the patients with tinnitus phenomenon. The nasopharynx and middle ear cavity between the eustachian tube the same root, it can be adjusted by the pressure of the middle ear cavity, the internal and external pressures to maintain the balance of the tympanic membrane, the nasopharynx-hsiang good drum in the nasopharynx of the openings near the cancer oppression eustachian tube openings, resulting in obstruction, NPC tinnitus truth in this. (3) mass in the neck: often found in patients with the earliest symptoms, especially of hard, fixed, borders are unclear. (4) headache: erosion due to the skull base tumors, intracranial spread or caused cranial nerve involvement. To the late, and the pain is often stubborn and fierce, and sometimes the only treatment for the symptoms. (5) Others, such as diplopia, such as ramps eyes.
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Polyp disease

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Common for nasal polyps is the result of extreme mucosal edema of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the role of gravity down and gradually formed. That the majority of chronic infection and allergic disease is the likely cause. A recent discovery and tolerance of adverse horse-lam, endogenous systemic diseases such as asthma are closely linked.
Disease: 1. Persistent stuffy nose, smell diminishes, occlusive nasal, sleep and snoring mouth breathing. 2. Have runny nose, headache, tinnitus, ear hearing loss and nausea. 3. Mucus polyps, pretty close to the bark, or in fresh grapes Liqirou-smooth surface translucent, was pink, with a small number from the middle meatus, the soft touch activities. 4. Bleeding polyp (less) smooth surface, congestive, and the soft touch and easy bleeding. 5. Fibrous polyps were gray, smooth surface, it is not inconsistent with the more bleeding. 6. Multiple polyps often from the ethmoid sinus, a single polyps grow more from the maxillary sinus, into the nostrils after "polyp." 7. Increased nasal polyps larger, long-term denial of medical treatment, can be induced by nasal dorsum wide a "nose frog."
Primarily for the treatment of nasal polyps surgical resection, but the early-onset symptoms of nasal polyps lighter, drug treatment may sometimes be controlled. Nasal polyps after anti-infection and anti-allergy treatment to reduce polyp recurrence.
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Clinical characteristics of nasal polyps is what

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Nasal polyps are common diseases. It is due to long-term nasal membrane fine inflammatory reaction caused edema results. Its clinical manifestations are as follows:
Patients with a longer time Bibing history. Xing initial nasal seems to be not the nose. Night, there will be the obvious result of opening nasal breathing, can be secondary to the long-standing chronic pharyngitis. Most persistent nasal obstruction, nasal Vasoconstrictor no significant effect sneezes rarely, if there are allergic nasal inflammation, and there will be sneezes,-T. Secretions in patients with nasal polyps for more serous, if there can be infected with purulent secretions. The continued growth of the nasal polyps increased significantly, and can cause headache or dizziness, which diminish the sense of smell loss. Great choanal polyp even if the obstruction into the nasopharynx, can still cause hearing loss. Polyp size, can cause nasal shape change. Broadening flat nose, nasal dorsum uplift on both sides, in a nasal polyps that round, smooth surface, the soft, gray transparent cystic tumor, its roots in the Beattie Road within the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
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Harm nasal polyps

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Nasal polyps is clinical otorhinolaryngology one of the common diseases, it is long-term inflammatory reaction caused nasal tissue edema results from the nasal sinus from the mouth, nose, complex and highly edema ethmoid sinus nasal mucosa from the nose Road, nasal sinus protruding mouth to droop and the formation of polyps. Age of onset nasal polyps mostly to the middle-aged, slightly higher than the male female. Trigger the exact cause of nasal polyps is not clear now believe that chronic infection and allergic its main reason.
Stimulate the inflammation caused by nasal polyps, mostly due to chronic sinusitis long-term stimulation of inflammatory nasal secretions, such as the opening sinus mucosa, the changes in inflammatory polyps gradually formed. Polyp size of the increase will hinder ventilation sinus drainage, poor drainage caused sinus secretions increase sinusitis, so casual, forming a vicious circle. Nasal polyps can be triggered numerous complications, such as pharyngitis, and otitis media and heart, lung and other organ damage, and some may even be malignant transformation. A small number of polyps can cause tremendous invasive complications. Those rapid growth, the huge size of polyps will squeeze damage nasal sinus wall or roof wall, followed violations eyes frontal, anterior cranial fossa, and the sphenoid sinus, and other sites in the posterior fossa.
If improper treatment of nasal polyps or recurrent treatment is not completely vulnerable, particularly endogenous ethmoid sinus and nasal polyps. And the prevention of recurrence of polyps in the fundamental measure is a complete treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis, sinus openings near the removal of obstructive lesions.
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Nasal polyps is the tumor?

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Is a common nasal polyps Bibing found mostly in adults, children rarely occur. Often occurred in the nasal cavity of the ethmoid sinus, the free edge of middle turbinate mouth and other places, and maxillary sinus.
Liuzi shape like polyps, some crimson, and some Yanhong, translucent kind. But organizations that cytological examination, nasal polyps is not really cancer, and more chronic irritation or allergic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses due to a high degree of mucosal edema, or hypertrophy. Pedicle shaped like grape say polyps. Occurred in the basement of inferior turbinate not broad based, called polyps transformation. Name two different, but the disease is the same. Due to different lesions, polyps can be divided into vascular type, edema, and fiber types of cysts. Most general edema, but also appeared mixed.
For the symptoms of nasal polyps and nasal obstruction mainly heavier. With the polyps grow up, blocked by intermittent into sustainability of patients had to mouth breathing. Dry mouth, bad breath, the nose difficult Xing out, smell loss, dizziness and headaches are also common symptoms. Large or multiple polyps is not only filled with a nasal cavity, but also the full nose North, the nose was widened outward Penglong, much like the frog V in the face, medicine known as the "frog nose."
Nasal polyps Biai also for the possibility of malignant transformation. Therefore, the surface of certain polyps is not smooth, in contravention of Zhicui, easy bleeding or blood in the nose, especially in patients over 40 years of age should be vigilant, should be removed as soon as possible, the yield pathological examination done so bungled treatment.
Nasal polyps early, in view of causes for proper treatment can be varying degrees to reduce nasal swelling, improve ventilation and nasal sinus drainage, to reduce dizziness and headaches, and olfactory function improved. When nasal polyps grow up or grow nasal obstruction before the hole, should surgery. Some polyps is not, but the blocked sinus openings, the impact of the secretions from the sinus to increase sinusitis, they need surgery.
Under normal circumstances, in the partial nasal polyps removed under topical anesthesia, without the skin incision, only nasal polyps trap-and you, not too complicated surgery, the patient not suffering. Multiple or multiple surgery still recurring polyps can be surgical operation under a microscope, the effect efficiency, and there are many hospitals are now carried out this operation.
In order to reduce the recurrence of polyps opportunities, in addition to introducing a variety of ways, as far as possible and complete surgical removal of polyps, should be treated rhinitis and sinusitis, nasal septum deviation and deal with the middle turbinate hypertrophy, and pay attention to the treatment of allergic disease.
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The differential diagnosis of nasal polyps

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More bilateral polyp is found to have unilateral polypoid tumor, should be aware of the following diseases:
1. Income after maxillary sinus polyp is found mostly in young people holes. Before nose or nose-fiber endoscope examination showed smooth gray stems from the nose Beattie Road stretching back to the front after the nostril. After that nasal polyps in the mirror after the nostrils, can be large or even into the nasopharynx oropharynx.
2. Nasal septum bleeding polyp is found mostly in young people. Neoplasm occurred in septal, dark red, and less bulky single, easy to touch the bleeding, epistaxis patients often history. Embryo is generally believed that the process of hematopoietic cells caused by residual.
3. Inverted papilloma often epistaxis or blood T history. Tumor red or red and gray, smooth surface. Polyps are small, like, but when the bleeding polyp removed more. Also easy to check contravention of hemorrhage. The final diagnosis of pathological examination to be OK.
4. Nasal malignant tumor Anjiang, in contravention of easy bleeding, uneven surface, nose flavor of the smell obviously, in the middle-aged and older patients.
5. Nasal Meningoencephalocele mass located in the top of the nasal cavity, the surface was pink. Nasal not so obvious, and the long history of slow progress. More common in children.
6. Other rare tumors into the nasal cavity such as intracranial chordoma, neuroblastoma, such as pituitary tumor.
In addition, many elderly patients with nasal polyps surgery if history, it should be noted whether the possibility of malignant transformation, in particular to more bleeding.
Nasal polyps in patients with X-ray showed that the ethmoid sinus was more uniform cloud-like opacity. Maxillary sinus mucosa thickening and sometimes that small semicircular shadow, suggesting that there Douqiang mucosal polyps. X-ray film is the proliferation of the above characteristics of the performance of sinusitis, such as secondary infections, sinusitis showed signs of purulent
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Diagnosis conditions nasal polyps

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According to its shape, color and palpation, diagnosis have no difficulties, but it should be similar to nasal polyps and nasal performance of the other lesions were identified:
(A) nasal septal hypertrophy or mucosa of middle turbinate hypertrophy: a polypoid degeneration can be mistaken for polyps. The former than the color red, and not the basement wide activities, palpation, hard.
(B) meninges - encephalocele: do or Lu Ji-lateral skull X-ray, X-ray can be done for fault radiography, we can see that the skull defect.
(C) inverted papilloma (inverting papilloma): If multiple polyps shape, surface roughness, color or gray Yanhong. Histologic features on the epithelial basement to the direction of growth was inverted. Surgery easy bleeding, postoperative recurrence easy, and malignant transformation.
(D) Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: young males often occur in the nasal cavity, and nasopharyngeal after basement-color crimson or grey, were round or nodular or lobulated, and around proliferation, can be repeated epistaxis, and even massive bleeding.
(5) Nasal cancer: Where unilateral conduct of nasal obstruction, nose and blood with severe headache, facial numbness, shall consider the possibility of nasal cancer, the biopsy diagnosis need to be implemented.
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The diagnosis of nasal polyps

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Adults unilateral nasal polyps, especially unilateral recurrence and surface ulcers bleeding polyp easy to take biopsy.
(I) Nasal cancer: Where unilateral conduct of nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis or have a small amount of blood Nongti and smelly, deformation, nose, facial numbness, severe migraine, a new side of the nasal cavity, biological, and other clinical manifestations, it must biopsy.
(Ii) Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Fiber-basement hemangioma, after more than in the nasal cavity, and nasopharyngeal, biased side, and can not move. This shows that the surface of vascular color red, in contravention of a hard, easy bleeding, nasal obstruction, nasal bleeding history, was particularly prevalent in male adolescents. (Iii) with nasal inverted papilloma: If multiple polyps shape, surface rough, gray or color Yanhong. Occurred in the side of the nasal cavity, easy bleeding during surgery, postoperative recurrence easy, and malignant transformation.
(Iv) leptomeningeal - encephalocele: Part of meningoencephalitis and brain tissue through the sieve plate congenital defect to the nasal cavity prominent, or can occur in the newborn child.

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Allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps have the clinical manifestations

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Allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps clinical performance can be summarized as follows: (1) Allergic rhinitis is a common Bibing common allergic sinusitis incidence at the same time. Clinical often divided into the following two types: the perennial allergic rhinitis type attack, by the various specific allergen from the original, often called "allergic rhinitis," compared. Changting patients complaining: "I am always cold, the total." Actually, he is not suffering from the flu, but "allergic rhinitis." Another seasonal allergic rhinitis, or "hay fever" of the contact caused by plant pollen. Sometimes the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and acute rhinitis early symptoms very similar, but very different in their main contact with patients and the duration of stimulation numbers, and the body was in response to the situation. Condition can be re-light, can be fearfully short time, the typical symptoms are as follows: 1) nasal itching and sneezing: See headed by symptoms. Inside the nose is often a while before there are intolerable Jiyang feeling, and even a small number of patients were also limited, or throat, itching, and then will issue a series of sneezes. Some people have made an interesting test: a sneeze gas flow rate can reach 64 Michuan 1000, when a sneeze droplets can reach 3 to 4 meters long. Really to sneeze, "Xieladaofei." 2) runny nose: the nose and the number of characters often vary depending on the context. General acute reaction to a multitude of thin Shimizu T, when the reaction tends period at the end of aldicarb and become less dense, if secondary infection uh transformed into mucus purulent secretions. 3) nasal: can be expressed in diverse, horse: If unilateral or bilateral, intermittent or persistent and may also be bilateral alternative. 4) the sense of smell disorders: for temporary, but may also be for a lasting, and the former The most common. Mucosa may or swelling of nasal polyp formation prevent odor molecules and olfactory mucosa caused by contact, nor can their own olfactory mucosa Nalie edema or cystic change the result of olfactory nerve atrophy. 5) Other: such as headache, sore throat, tinnitus, and hearing worse, county-, tears or other allergic diseases (such as urticaria, asthma, migraine, blood vessels and nerves edema). Perennial allergic rhinitis patients, the symptoms of more than wake up the morning attack, with the passage of time of the day and gradually reduced in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, rapid onset of symptoms, season after symptoms temporarily disappear, but also the coming year recurrence. (2) more than in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps on the basis of the results with inflammatory lesions. For a progressive main symptoms of nasal obstruction, is a common disease, more common in adults. Friends in the ethmoid sinus and nasal polyps, in the middle turbinate free edge of the Song share openings, middle meatus uncovertebral hole, etc. and a half months. If too much meat nasal nose, the nose can occur clemency malformation, a "frog nose."
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Nasal polyps and malignant tumors should be how to identify?

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Nasal rare primary malignant tumors, and most of nasal sinus cancer secondary. Early tumor occupied part of the nasal cavity, may occur intermittently side of a small number of unilateral nasal obstruction and epistaxis or T blood. Tumor necrosis often fester Nongti a bloody stench. Increase the tumor can cause persistent nasal obstruction. Examination showed nasal tumors, gray surface of a red or pink, rough, or with fester, the more brittle texture, in contravention of easy bleeding. Sometimes can be a papillary tumor, mulberry or irregular-shaped block.
Malignant tumor in the nasal cavity also eye, neck, head manifestations, but also in distant metastasis. When the tumor, there may be violations of orbital eye ectopic, exophthalmos, diplopia, tears overflow, and other symptoms. Examination showed two asymmetrical, prominent of the eye movement of the medial orbital full uplift. Tumor metastasis to the neck, in the ipsilateral neck mass, texture hard, pushing the inactive. Patients often nervous headache and Touchan, advanced tumor invasive base of the skull, cranial nerve palsy produce the corresponding symptoms. With the development of the situation, common organ such as the lung liver metastasis.
Compared with nasal cancer, nasal polyps were continuing, and no T epistaxis blood, no foul smell secretions. Nasal neoplasm smooth surface, gray or pink of translucent, the soft touch, pain may shift, a cancer biopsy. There is no eye, neck, head of the abnormal performance, as if no-no Exophthalmos; no neck mass and lymph nodes; no facial numbness, severe migraine and distant metastatic lesions.
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Type of nasal polyps

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Nasal polyps is not true tumor, allergy and sinus is often caused by chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa edema results. Under the microscope examination showed the organizational structure of nasal polyps do not identical, can be divided into 3
(1) allergic polyps. Bilateral multiple often, if not remove allergy reasons, the Permanent polyp recurrence after resection. Apart from obvious lesions edema, a large number of eosinophils leukocyte infiltration, mucosa subepithelial basement membrane thickening significantly (glass-like change), can epithelial metaplasia.
(2) inflammatory polyps. Unilateral or individual polyp formation, and more localized infection, relapse after resection difficult. Slight edema, inflammatory cell exudative mainly neutrophil leukocytes and monocytes. Metaplasia see less thickening of the basement membrane and can be allergic to distinguish polyps.
(3) after-nasal polyps. This is the clinical name for a long pedicle polyps from the nasal cavity to enter into the hole after the nasopharynx. In fact, allergic shock or long-term nasal Fuyu edema, inflammatory lesions with edema and inflammatory infiltration mainly close qualitative hyperplasia phenomenon, it is inflammatory lesions nasal polyps. However, nasal polyp formation mass Guchang called "tumor-like lesions," in fact, is generally not malignant. Volume nasal polyps sometimes, even a few centimetres in size of the nasal cavity filled caused by nasal obstruction, respiratory not smooth, or a valve-like gate. Nasal polyps also accompanied smell obstacles, headache, excessive talking nasal symptoms. Nasal secretions caused stagnation trade can be induced by sinusitis, and more time was purulent secretions. Huge nasal polyps can be completely filled, and even the field will be introduced nose, change the shape nose.
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The type of nasal polyps

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Born in nasal polyps is superfluous or mucous membrane processes sinus tumor. Occur in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and nasal top; followed by the ethmoid sinus can be seen on the bench Department. Eye and nasal polyps were pink, smooth surface and humid, a very soft touch, like Baolepi cooked grapes. The expansion of cysts that section, a cavity plot freeze-or off-white powder mucus secretion.
Nasal polyps is not true tumor, allergy and sinus is often caused by chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa edema results. Under the microscope examination showed the organizational structure of nasal polyps do not identical, can be divided into three types: (1) allergic polyps. Bilateral multiple often, if not remove allergy reasons, the Permanent polyp recurrence after resection. Apart from obvious lesions edema, a large number of eosinophils leukocyte infiltration, mucosa subepithelial basement membrane thickening significantly (glass-like change), can epithelial metaplasia. (2) inflammatory polyps. Unilateral or individual polyp formation, and more localized infection, relapse after resection difficult. Slight edema, inflammatory cell exudative mainly neutrophil leukocytes and monocytes. Metaplasia see less thickening of the basement membrane and can be allergic to distinguish polyps. (3) after-nasal polyps. This is the clinical name for a long pedicle polyps from the nasal cavity to enter into the hole after the nasopharynx. In fact, allergic shock or long-term nasal Fuyu edema, inflammatory lesions with edema and inflammatory infiltration mainly close qualitative hyperplasia phenomenon, it is inflammatory lesions nasal polyps. However, nasal polyp formation mass Guchang called "tumor-like lesions," in fact, is generally not malignant. Volume nasal polyps sometimes, even a few centimetres in size of the nasal cavity filled caused by nasal obstruction, respiratory not smooth, or a valve-like gate. Nasal polyps also accompanied smell obstacles, headache, excessive talking nasal symptoms. Nasal secretions caused stagnation trade can be induced by sinusitis, and more time was purulent secretions. Huge nasal polyps can be completely filled, and even the field will be introduced nose, change the shape nose.
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Let no recurrence of polyps key

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Polyp is found mostly in adults, by the long-term nasal mucosal edema due to allergy and chronic inflammation of main. For the conduct of clinical performance of nasal obstruction, nose increased, smell obstacles and headache symptoms. Can be single or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, but the majority of the multiple and bilateral. Polyps need for a more surgical treatment, but the high rate of recurrence after surgery has been troubled nasal polyps in patients with major problems. The present treatment methods, the following nasal polyps to significantly reduce the recurrence rate.
1. Nasal endoscope technology, will be completely removed nasal polyps after surgery is to reduce the recurrence rate of protection. Because not only confined to the more nasal polyps, but also the surrounding sinus violations, the use of snares for the traditional methods of nasal polyps removed easily relapse. Endoscopic sinus surgery not only can achieve deeper and hidden location, nasal polyps removed completely, and can also meet the physiological function of a surgical procedure, to reduce the relapse rate of nasal polyps. Because of the limitations of microwave laser, patients choose to use lasers, microwave treatment of nasal polyps often must be very cautious.
2. Regular follow-up visits after surgery to doctors on a regular basis to the understanding of the cavity, when necessary, carry out the liquidation of the cavity will be new granulation or vesicles removed, in order to ensure effective operation, this time some even referral to continue half a year.
3. Need to uphold the use of local drug partial hormone drugs can reduce the local inflammatory response, thus reducing the recurrence rate.
It must be pointed out, some of the patients, even with the above method, there are still the possibility of recurrence. For example, some called for the disease in patients with nasal polyps. It is completely guarantee not to relapse is unrealistic, but most people, nasal polyp recurrence is a basic surgery can control.
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Tinnitus is how matter?

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Stimulate the ears to accept outside voices in the ears have heard the voices of the feeling: This is a normal function of the hearing. If the outside world is not in the voice of sources, but subjectively feel a wide variety of voices, and this is tinnitus. Tinnitus more complex mechanism may occur in a variety of circumstances, can be summed up as follows:
The first one is the physiological tinnitus. Internal in the body, vascular pulse, blood flow, muscle contraction, joint activities, such as breathing exercises, there is weak voice, from the ear closer, will be feeling out such voices. As outsiders usually have a stronger voice, the voice of such weak cover, but did not feel out. But if the noise into the quiet room or in the dead of night, sometimes feel that there are weak ears ringing, and that is physiological tinnitus.
The second is the transfer of tinnitus. Tinnitus is the reasons for such a hearing conduction system in some obstacles, such as swelling of the external auditory canal, plug, perforated eardrum, invagination, of otitis media, adhesion, such as sclerosis. - Listen to the sound barriers reduce the ability of outside voices, has been weakened by its cover a voice in the role, so that it can feel, and that as tinnitus. Again, through the bone-ears, the voice, conduction disturbances, outward dispersion channels blocked, and raise the voice of the ear feeling to become a low-frequency-based, as windy like whirring noise. We can try, with a hand in their ears, the ears are ringing in the Hong Hong, which is a typical conductive tinnitus.
The third is the nerve of tinnitus. Reason is that the auditory system sensorineural partial obstacles. When the inner ear hearing receptors sick, such as poisoning, noise trauma, Meniere's disease; auditory nerve and the auditory center suffered injury or inflammation, intoxication, ischemia, tumors, etc., and various intracranial lesions affecting the auditory nerve or hearing at the center, there will be tinnitus. This high frequency of the tinnitus for more than Chanming or piercing screaming. Some systemic diseases also can cause tinnitus, such as hypertension, hypotension, autonomic dysfunction, and other affected blood, some of the toxin diseases, mental stress, anxiety caused by endocrine disorders, such as. In life, bad breaks, insomnia after there will have tinnitus. Some deaf, with the current medical technology conditions still do not know the reasons for engaging in the clinical examination or unclear, as for reasons unknown tinnitus.
The fourth objective is tinnitus. Tinnitus is a subjective feeling, but there is a pulsatile tinnitus can be heard on others, which called objectivity tinnitus. Such subjective tinnitus and tinnitus different, it does have audio, but not outside sources, but my ear near the body. Sources within the middle ear is a small meat pharynx muscle contracture or the voice of the other sources is a vascular pulse voices. Under normal circumstances blood vessels throb and they do not feel the voices are out, but when the sound pulse high blood pressure increase or blocked field dispersion, or aneurysm occurred or diseases such as arteriovenous fistula, vascular sound constitutes a pulsatile tinnitus.
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Why do I say that tinnitus can not be ignored?

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Tinnitus is a common clinical symptoms, there are a variety of reasons, but for some tumors, it is a tinnitus can not be ignored early symptoms of patients seeking treatment also led to one of the main reasons. According to a survey of information: analysis of 800 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 50 patients with brain tumors and the clinical manifestation, found symptoms of tinnitus 62%. Tinnitus is a ringing in the ears of patients self-feeling, larger differences in the performance of each, such as Chan Ming, worms or watches called sound, like wind, the roar of the machinery, different degrees of seriousness, these symptoms often distracted by the patients, thus affecting life.
Why NPC will have tinnitus? This is due to nasopharyngeal tumors with infection, edema, plug in the wall of the nasopharynx eustachian tube opening. For the performance side of tinnitus, and gradually worsened, and hearing loss. Therefore, when there is the continuity of unknown causes tinnitus, should be promptly to the hospital ENT examination, diagnosis, rule out the tumor, timely treatment.
NPC is the main means of radiotherapy treatment. Most of the patients after radiotherapy, in a fairly long period of time, there is a phenomenon of tinnitus and hearing loss. Produced the performance of the reasons for this is a large number in the nasopharynx after radiotherapy, in the eustachian tube surrounding tissue fibrosis, temporarily unable to dominate the eustachian tube opening and closing the mouth of the normal. On the other hand, nasopharyngeal cancer after radiotherapy, the nasopharynx showed chronic inflammation change, I secretions blocked eustachian tube may occur tinnitus. With lesion tissue repair, will gradually disappear from tinnitus.
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Tinnitus - the disease early signal

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In daily life, many people often feel ear buzzing sound, and this is called tinnitus. Most tinnitus sound in the ears, head or ears in a few weeks, the highest incidence rates in the age from 50 to 70 years old. Its forms: sometimes for bass tune roar or humming sound. Sometimes can be a hiss, the sound tide. Tone, volume and intensity of volatility, in a quiet room or excessive fatigue, mental stress, tinnitus is more clear.
Tinnitus-SR Saneshige, the reasons are complicated. However, tinnitus is common ear and systemic diseases in the early signal. Well, there may be circumstances under which tinnitus?
Ear disorder characterized by a history of multiple ear, and tinnitus to a big night. According lesions varied, and divided into conductive and sensorineural tinnitus tinnitus two. When the foreign body within the ear, swelling of inflammation in obstruction, congestive eardrum, in the ring for, perforation, infection, or otitis media with effusion, hardening ears, tinnitus can occur conduction. This is the characteristics of unilateral tinnitus, which occurred in tinnitus side of the lesion, and low pitch, rhythm, such as "rumbling sound", "Hong Hong sound." Ears of sensors located on the inner ear and cochlear. In the event of the inner ear concussion, edema, listen neuralgia, which can stimulate the cochlea in the inner ear induced tinnitus. This multi-bilateral tinnitus, tinnitus high pitch, such as Chan Ming Yin, hiss, Qiguo deflated sound, tinnitus often intermittent.
Neck and neck disorders neck pain or suffering from other diseases, oppression of the carotid artery, it can cause compression side of tinnitus. Tinnitus is characterized by the continuity of the bass stressed that the degree of tinnitus may change with the position change.
Noise-induced short-term or long-term repeated strong noise noise (such as occupational noise, rock and disco music. Strong volume stereo headphones, etc.) may also lead to hearing loss and tinnitus and vertigo with, there can be serious and auditory hallucinations neurasthenia.
Poisoning large doses of quinine, quinidine, chloroquine and other drugs can cause severe tinnitus, but to stop after turn for the better, and more does not affect hearing. Commonly used antibiotics such as gentamycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, on the auditory nerve and vestibular have toxic effects. Early tinnitus can occur which, this often is a high-pitch tinnitus, a bilateral nature. Without timely withdrawal, can quickly develop into deafness, and it is difficult to stop.
Neurasthenia tinnitus with the social environment, the obvious psychological factors. When the emotional depression, anxiety, it may appear tinnitus. Neurasthenia have often appeared tinnitus, this level of tinnitus pitch volatile, mostly bilateral, accompanied by headache, dizziness, insomnia, and other symptoms dream. In addition, the weak, due to lack of vascular tone, and poor local blood supply caused tinnitus. Chinese medicine believe that it is the performance of kidney deficiency.
Systemic with kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, bronchitis target = _blank> chronic bronchitis, and so on, when these diseases lead to systemic dysfunction, symptoms of tinnitus will emerge. But these diseases can be cured with the disappearance. Tinnitus is such a high pitch, and bilateral. Tinnitus also clearly related and cardiovascular diseases, it is because our ears and cardiovascular system exists between the physical contact, ears and cardiovascular nerve distribution in the brain and spinal cord and there are many points in common pathway, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, the impact of the cochlea than a greater impact on the cardiovascular, cochlear ischemia, myocardial hypoxia than sensitive. Therefore, tinnitus can be used as an important indicator of cardiovascular disease.
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There should be investigated the cause of tinnitus

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Tinnitus may generally be divided into two categories: First, ear diseases, and diseases of the ear, often accompanied by hearing loss, such as from Ototoxic drugs, virus infection, and the inner ear caused by insufficient blood supply. The non-ear diseases, such patients in addition to tinnitus, accompanied corresponding diseases other symptoms, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, brain trauma, etc.. Tinnitus often appear in other diseases before symptoms. Some antibiotics such as nerve damage on the ears, tinnitus often comes first, and then hearing recession. In tinnitus, should stop immediately. Anemia, hypertension patients to tinnitus, and further deterioration of conditions that should arouse vigilance. In the noisy environment of long-term workers, a tinnitus, swap the working environment should be considered. In short, once tinnitus, and the reasons for it should be investigated.
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Typical symptoms of chronic pharyngitis main

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Typical symptoms of chronic pharyngitis: pharynx a foreign body sensation, itching for micro-pain, dry hot; often attached to the thick posterior pharyngeal secretions difficult to remove, especially at night, "Hanghang" for sound, sentiment removal as rapidly as possible. Secretion can cause irritating cough, or nausea and vomiting. Inspection see if pharyngeal mucosa diffuse congestive color Anjiang, with a small amount of sticky secretions, chronic pharyngitis simple. Hypertrophy of the symptoms of chronic pharyngitis visible mucosal thickening, diffuse congestion, or palate and the soft palate arch edge thickening, a majority of granular posterior pharyngeal lymphoid follicles processes.
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Cause deafness prevention of two

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Deafness of two. By the external ear, middle ear disease is caused by the conductive deafness; from the inner ear hearing organ or listen neuropathy is caused by nerve deafness. Deafness Prevention, covers a broader, points are listed as follows: Elimination of the external auditory canal obstructive factors, such as aural atresia, such as Cerumen all Cypriots. Actively prevent and treat middle ear disease, depending on the circumstances, were given medication, the eustachian tube-blowing, drum repair, attic pumping fluid, ear-sound institutional reconstruction, stapes surgery, in order to restore or partial resumption of the hearing has been lost . Actively prevent and treat various acute infectious diseases such as meningococcal meningitis, mumps, encephalitis, measles, typhoid, and the prevention of neural deafness is important, because of the disease, the disease can be directly invasion and hearing organ damage auditory function . Iatrogenic poisoning prevention, quinine, neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and other drugs can cause deafness to use caution, particularly pregnant women and infants, whether or not such drugs Application should be more careful. Take effective measures to eliminate or reduce the production sites of noise and vibration. And strengthen personal protection. Other physical activity to enhance physical fitness, to prevent upper respiratory tract infection and treatment with nasal pharyngeal disease, as well as to avoid marriage and other close relatives. There are anti-deaf in some role.
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Sudden deafness causes and treatment

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Sudden deafness as sudden deafness, also known as idiopathic violence deafness that the original normal hearing, in a very short period of time sudden hearing loss, occurs in 30 to 50-year-old middle-aged, youth and the elderly rare. In recent years, the incidence of sudden deafness rates are on the rise, accounting for about sensorineural deafness 1%.
[Causes]
The incidence of sudden deafness reasons unclear, and may be related to the following factors:
Infected about 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of patients within one month prior to the onset of upper respiratory tract infection history, including the pathogenic virus mumps virus, influenza virus, Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, rubella virus, which parotid Yan virus is the most important causal factor. The virus can cause non-suppurative otitis media, and then penetrated the inner ear caused sudden deafness, or directly lead to invasive cochlear neurons sudden deafness.
Flow obstacles vasospasm some cases, thrombosis, also showed that blood flow obstacles sudden deafness one of the important reasons.
Changes in the inner ear function of sudden deafness can be self-healing in some patients, it may be due to reaction of the inner ear function.
Other spirit of high tension, emotional too excited, too much pressure, too much exertion, severe cough, sneeze, pinch nose drum gas could lead to sudden deafness.
[Symptoms]
Chen Qi patients often after a sudden onset, accompanied by tinnitus. More unilateral disease, the incidence of bilateral and only 4 ~ 17%, hearing loss can be partially or wholly deaf. Can be accompanied by dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Deafness is the nature of sensorineural deafness.
[Prognosis]
About 20% of the patients after adequate rest can be restored, but the majority of patients have to rely on drug therapy can restore hearing. Time and attendance sooner, the better the effect of the treatment: the incidence week beginning treatment, 80 percent of patients can be cured or partial resumption of the hearing; cured without treatment more than a month while the possibility of greatly reduced. Older, the poorer the prognosis. Once a hearing loss, tinnitus, pain, nausea and other symptoms ears to seek medical treatment as soon as possible, so as not to miss opportunities treatment.
[Treatment]
At present there are the more common clinical method is: vasodilator drugs, lowering blood viscosity drugs, such as neurotrophic drug, and some patients may choose to hyperbaric oxygen, laser, magnetic therapy, and other treatment. In recent years the international use of biological products and also Tretan, Duxul, Vinpocetin drugs. In addition, the fair treatment with Chinese medicine: sudden deafness accompanied by headache, fever and Wuhan to use stem spread of casual; no other symptoms, pulse shy, tongue purple or dark spots deposition to use Kaiqiao Cong ear soup.
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